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<h1>How to install xmonad and xmobar via stack</h1>
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October 4, 2017
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<section>
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<p>Arch Linux recently changed their Haskell packages (no more static linking), which broke a bunch of stuff. Specifically, upgrading <code>xmonad-0.13-8</code> → <code>xmonad-0.13-9</code> produces errors when recompiling xmonad, and only downgrading seems to fix the issue; and using <code>cabal-install</code> (<code>cabal install xmonad</code>) with Arch’s <code>ghc</code> likewise produces errors, failing to install xmonad. For those of you coming from Google, the errors are of the format <code>Could not find module ...</code>. See <a href="https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?pid=1739920">here</a> and <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/xmonad/comments/73z1ew/could_not_find_module/">here</a>, for example.</p>
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<p>In addition, Arch’s xmobar (with <code>xmonad-0.13-8</code>) has been crashing sporadically (segmentation faults), for some reason. See <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/archlinux/comments/72hf42/xmonadcontrib013_dependency/">here</a>, for instance.</p>
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<p>In this post, I’ll explain how I got xmonad (and xmonad-contrib) and xmobar installed and working – and no xmobar crashes, so far – via <a href="https://www.haskellstack.org/">stack</a>. I’ll try to keep it as short and simple as possible. No in-depth explanations; just a straightforward, step-by-step rundown of what I did. The usual disclaimers (YMMV, etc.) apply.</p>
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<p>I’ll assume you already have an <code>~/.xmonad</code> directory with an <code>xmonad.hs</code> config file. If you don’t use xmobar, this post can still be useful; just ignore the lines/steps that refer to xmobar.</p>
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<h2 id="step-1-get-stack">Step 1: Get stack</h2>
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<p>There are couple ways to get stack. I installed <a href="https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/stack-static/">stack-static</a> from the AUR, because it doesn’t come with any Haskell dependencies.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>If you don’t care about tracking stack with your package manager, then, as the <a href="https://docs.haskellstack.org/en/stable/README/#how-to-install">stack how-to-install</a> explains, just run</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode bash"><code class="sourceCode bash"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-1" title="1"><span class="ex">curl</span> -sSL https://get.haskellstack.org/ <span class="kw">|</span> <span class="fu">sh</span></a></code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
<p>or</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb2"><pre class="sourceCode bash"><code class="sourceCode bash"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-1" title="1"><span class="fu">wget</span> -qO- https://get.haskellstack.org/ <span class="kw">|</span> <span class="fu">sh</span></a></code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
<h2 id="step-2-install-ghc-with-stack">Step 2: Install GHC with stack</h2>
|
|||
|
|
<p>To build and install Haskell packages, we need GHC. Simply run</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode bash"><code class="sourceCode bash"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-1" title="1"><span class="ex">stack</span> setup</a></code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
<p>to install GHC into <code>~/.stack</code>. Useful for the kind of sandboxing projects that we’re doing with xmonad.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>NB:</strong> You can run <code>stack ghc</code> to do things with GHC, <code>stack ghci</code> to fire up interactive GHC, and so on.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<h2 id="step-3-get-xmonad-xmonad-contrib-and-xmobar">Step 3: Get xmonad, xmonad-contrib, and xmobar</h2>
|
|||
|
|
<p>We’ll be turning our <code>~/.xmonad</code> directory into a stack project, so first, head over there.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb4"><pre class="sourceCode bash"><code class="sourceCode bash"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-1" title="1"><span class="bu">cd</span> ~/.xmonad</a></code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
<p>For the remainder of this post, I’ll assume you’re inside <code>~/.xmonad</code>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Next, download the xmonad, xmonad-contrib, and xmobar Git repositories, which contain the <code>.cabal</code> and <code>.yaml</code> files that stack will look for in the next step. I like to add <code>-git</code> to their directory names, just as a reminder.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb5"><pre class="sourceCode bash"><code class="sourceCode bash"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-1" title="1"><span class="co"># From inside ~/.xmonad.</span></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-2" title="2"><span class="fu">git</span> clone <span class="st">"https://github.com/xmonad/xmonad"</span> xmonad-git</a>
|
|||
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-3" title="3"><span class="fu">git</span> clone <span class="st">"https://github.com/xmonad/xmonad-contrib"</span> xmonad-contrib-git</a>
|
|||
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-4" title="4"><span class="fu">git</span> clone <span class="st">"https://github.com/jaor/xmobar"</span> xmobar-git</a></code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Your <code>~/.xmonad</code> directory should now contain <code>xmonad-git</code>, <code>xmonad-contrib-git</code>, and <code>xmobar-git</code>, each of which contains a <code>.cabal</code> file and a <code>.yaml</code> file.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<h2 id="step-4-initialize-stack">Step 4: Initialize stack</h2>
|
|||
|
|
<p>This step is easy: just run</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb6"><pre class="sourceCode bash"><code class="sourceCode bash"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-1" title="1"><span class="co"># From inside ~/.xmonad.</span></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-2" title="2"><span class="ex">stack</span> init</a></code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Stack will find the <code>.cabal</code> and <code>.yaml</code> files and auto-create the file <code>stack.yaml</code> for you. It’ll look like this:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb7"><pre class="sourceCode yaml"><code class="sourceCode yaml"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-1" title="1"><span class="co"># ~/.xmonad/stack.yaml</span></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-2" title="2"><span class="fu">resolver:</span><span class="at"> lts-9.6</span></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-3" title="3"><span class="fu">packages:</span></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-4" title="4"><span class="kw">-</span> xmobar-git</a>
|
|||
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-5" title="5"><span class="kw">-</span> xmonad-git</a>
|
|||
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-6" title="6"><span class="kw">-</span> xmonad-contrib-git</a>
|
|||
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-7" title="7"><span class="fu">extra-deps:</span><span class="at"> </span><span class="kw">[]</span></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-8" title="8"><span class="fu">flags:</span><span class="at"> </span><span class="kw">{}</span></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-9" title="9"><span class="fu">extra-package-dbs:</span><span class="at"> </span><span class="kw">[]</span></a></code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
<p>At this point, you can modify <code>stack.yaml</code> to add flags, etc. The only change I made was to add the flag <code>all_extensions</code> to xmobar, by changing</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb8"><pre class="sourceCode yaml"><code class="sourceCode yaml"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-1" title="1"><span class="fu">flags:</span><span class="at"> </span><span class="kw">{}</span></a></code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
<p>to</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb9"><pre class="sourceCode yaml"><code class="sourceCode yaml"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb9-1" title="1"><span class="fu">flags:</span></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb9-2" title="2"> <span class="fu">xmobar:</span></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb9-3" title="3"> <span class="fu">all_extensions:</span><span class="at"> </span><span class="ch">true</span></a></code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
<p>This flag provides all the xmobar bells & whistles, like support for xft, mpd, battery, wifi, etc.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>NB:</strong> If you add the <code>with_iwlib</code> flag (or <code>all_extensions</code>), you’ll need to also install the <a href="http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Jean_Tourrilhes/Linux/Tools.html">iwlib</a> C library and headers. In Arch Linux, just install <code>wireless_tools</code>; in Debian-based systems, <code>libiw-dev</code>. Or, in your <code>stack.yaml</code>, change</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb10"><pre class="sourceCode yaml"><code class="sourceCode yaml"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-1" title="1"><span class="fu">extra_deps:</span><span class="at"> </span><span class="kw">[]</span></a></code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
<p>to</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb11"><pre class="sourceCode yaml"><code class="sourceCode yaml"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb11-1" title="1"><span class="fu">extra_deps:</span></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb11-2" title="2"> <span class="kw">-</span> iwlib-0.1.0</a></code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
<p>(The specific version you’ll need will change over time. If <code>stack install</code> from step 5 produces an error, just see what stack recommends.)</p>
|
|||
|
|
<h2 id="step-5-build-and-install-everything">Step 5: Build and install everything</h2>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Next, run</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb12"><pre class="sourceCode bash"><code class="sourceCode bash"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb12-1" title="1"><span class="co"># From inside ~/.xmonad.</span></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb12-2" title="2"><span class="ex">stack</span> install</a></code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
<p>to build and install xmonad, xmonad-contrib, and xmobar (and all their dependencies). You’ll now have two new binaries, <code>xmonad</code> and <code>xmobar</code>, installed into <code>~/.local/bin</code>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>NB:</strong> You’ll want to add <code>~/.local/bin</code> to your <code>PATH</code>, if it isn’t already. (If you use a login manager, see Step 9 below.)</p>
|
|||
|
|
<h2 id="step-6-write-a-build-file">Step 6: Write a build file</h2>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Since we’re doing everything via stack, rather than ghc directly, <code>xmonad --recompile</code> won’t quite work yet. As of xmonad 0.13, we can write a custom build script, named <code>build</code> and located inside <code>~/.xmonad</code>, which will use stack ghc to recompile xmonad. (Borrowed from <a href="https://github.com/pbrisbin/dotfiles/blob/master/xmonad/build">pbrisbin</a>.)</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb13"><pre class="sourceCode bash"><code class="sourceCode bash"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb13-1" title="1"><span class="co"># ~/.xmonad/build</span></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb13-2" title="2"><span class="co">#!/bin/sh</span></a>
|
|||
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb13-3" title="3"><span class="bu">exec</span> stack ghc -- \</a>
|
|||
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb13-4" title="4"> --make xmonad.hs \</a>
|
|||
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb13-5" title="5"> -i \</a>
|
|||
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb13-6" title="6"> -ilib \</a>
|
|||
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb13-7" title="7"> -fforce-recomp \</a>
|
|||
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb13-8" title="8"> -main-is main \</a>
|
|||
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb13-9" title="9"> -v0 \</a>
|
|||
|
|
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb13-10" title="10"> -o <span class="st">"</span><span class="va">$1</span><span class="st">"</span></a></code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Make sure it’s executable:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb14"><pre class="sourceCode bash"><code class="sourceCode bash"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-1" title="1"><span class="fu">chmod</span> a+x build</a></code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
<h2 id="step-7-recompile-and-restart-xmonad">Step 7: Recompile and restart xmonad</h2>
|
|||
|
|
<p>You should now be able to recompile and restart xmonad (and xmobar) with</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb15"><pre class="sourceCode bash"><code class="sourceCode bash"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb15-1" title="1"><span class="ex">xmonad</span> --recompile <span class="kw">&&</span> <span class="ex">xmonad</span> --restart</a></code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>NB:</strong> I had to restart my computer in order for xmobar to start up properly – probably because xmonad couldn’t find the xmobar binary.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<h2 id="step-8-updating">Step 8: Updating</h2>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Whenever you update your xmonad, xmonad-contrib, or xmobar repositories, just <code>cd ~/.xmonad</code> and run</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb16"><pre class="sourceCode bash"><code class="sourceCode bash"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb16-1" title="1"><span class="ex">stack</span> install</a></code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
<p>to rebuild and reinstall everything.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>NB:</strong> If you add a new flag or extra dependencies (in <code>stack.yaml</code>), you may need to run <code>stack clean</code> first.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<h2 id="step-9-loose-ends-with-login-managers">(Step 9: Loose ends with login managers)</h2>
|
|||
|
|
<p>If you use a login manager, such as LightDM, then you may need to take some additional steps. I don’t use a login manager, nor do I know much about them, but I’ll use LightDM as the working example since I’ve read a little about it.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>First off, LightDM uses <code>*.desktop</code> files located <code>/usr/share/xsessions</code> to know which desktop environments (or window managers) you have available to choose from. So, you’ll probably need to create <code>xmonad.desktop</code>. The xmonad package from the official Arch repos installs the following file, so you can just copy it verbatim and place it into <code>/usr/share/xsessions</code>:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<pre class="desktop"><code>[Desktop Entry]
|
|||
|
|
Encoding=UTF-8
|
|||
|
|
Type=Application
|
|||
|
|
Name=Xmonad
|
|||
|
|
Comment=Lightweight X11 tiled window manager written in Haskell
|
|||
|
|
Exec=xmonad
|
|||
|
|
Icon=xmonad
|
|||
|
|
Terminal=false
|
|||
|
|
StartupNotify=false
|
|||
|
|
Categories=Application;</code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Second, running <code>xmonad --recompile</code> may not work yet. If it doesn’t, make sure that you’ve added <code>~/.local/bin</code> to your <code>PATH</code> by adding it to one of your shell <em>profile</em> files, such as <code>~/.profile</code> or (if you only use one shell, e.g. Bash) <code>~/.bash_profile</code>, and <em>not</em> to your shell’s configuration file (e.g. <code>~/.bashrc</code>). The reason is that LightDM (and by extension xmonad) is invoked from a login shell, which sources <em>profile</em> files like <code>~/.profile</code>, but not (necessarily) shell config files like <code>~/.bashrc</code>. See <a href="https://superuser.com/questions/183870/difference-between-bashrc-and-bash-profile/183980#183980">this SE thread</a> and <a href="https://www.quora.com/What-is-profile-file-in-Linux">this Quora answer</a> to learn more about the difference.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>If that still doesn’t work, then it’s possible that your login manager doesn’t even source <code>~/.profile</code> (see the end of the SE thread linked above). In that case, a possible fix is to just manually symlink <code>~/.local/bin/xmonad</code> to <code>/usr/bin</code> (since the latter is definitely in your <code>PATH</code>; thanks to Ashesh in the comments below for this fix):</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb18"><pre class="sourceCode bash"><code class="sourceCode bash"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb18-1" title="1"><span class="fu">ln</span> -s ~/.local/bin/xmonad /usr/bin</a></code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</section>
|
|||
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</article>
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